REGIONS OF THE BODY
The identification of an object's structure and shape on a broad or general level is the first step towards identifying it. The human shape may be recognised from other species or things in this way at first. When you can identify the overall form and fundamental contour, you can recognise it. Details on the size, form, and look of various bodily areas must be given in order for more precise identification to occur. Individuals differ in overall look due to distinct distinguishing traits in various bodily regions such as the face and torso. Specific areas of the human form must be recognised, and suitable terminology must be used to describe them, in order to provide detailed descriptions. (Figure 1 - 14)
The axial and appendicular sections of the body can be split into two primary parts or components. The head, neck, and torso, or trunk, make up the axial component of the body, while the upper and lower extremities, as well as their connections to the axial section, make up the appendicular portion. Figure 1-14 shows how each main region is split. The torso, for example, is separated into thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions, while the upper extremities is split into arm, forearm, wrist, and hand components. Although most of the words used to define gross bodily areas are well-known, they are frequently misunderstood. A excellent example is the phrase leg. Anatomists define "leg" as the portion of the lower extremity between the knee and the ankle, rather than the whole lower limb.
Figure 1 - 14 Specific body region. Note that the body as a whole can be subdivided into two major portions or components: axial and appendicular.
The Abdominal Areas
Anato tomies split the belly into nine hypothetical areas to make it easier to locate abdominal organs. From right to left and top to bottom, below is a list of the nine areas (Figure 1-15) identified:
1. Right hypochondriac region
2. Epigastric region
3. Left hypochondriac region
4. Right lumbar region.
5. Umbilical region
6. Left lumbar region
7. Right iliac (inguinal) region
8. Hypogastric region
9. Left iliac (inguinal) region
Figure 1-15 depicts the most superficial organs in each of the nine abdominal areas. The right lobe of the liver and the gallbladder are evident in the right hypochondriac area. Parts of the right and left lobes of the liver, as well as a substantial section of the stomach, may be seen in the epigastric region. Only a little part of the stomach and large intestine may be seen in the left hypochondriac region when viewed superficially. Figure 1-15 depicts a portion of the large and small intestine in the right lumbar area. A piece of the transverse colon and loops of the small intestine are among the superficial organs seen in the umbilical area.
In the left lumbar area, more loops of the small intestine and a portion of the colon may be seen. The cecum and portions of the small intestine are located in the right iliac region. In the hypogastric area, only loops of the small intestine, the urinary bladder, and the appendix may be seen. In Figure 1-15, the colon and small intestine are seen in the left iliac area.
Figure 1 - 15 Nine Regions of Abdominopelvic cavity. The nine region of the abdominopelvic cavity showing the most superficial organs.
Physicians and other health care providers commonly split the abdomen into four quadrants (Figure 1-16) to explain the location of abdominopelvic discomfort or to detect internal disease such as a tumour or abscess. The abdomen is divided into right and left upper quadrants and right and left lower quadrants by a horizontal and vertical line going through the umbilicus (navel), as shown in Figure 1-16.
FIGURE 1-16 Division of the abdomen into four quadrants. Diagram shows relationship of internal organs to the four abdominopelvic quadrants: 1, right upper quadrant (RUQ): 2, left upper quadrant (LUQ); 3, right lower quadrant (RLQ): 4, left lower quadrant (LLQ).
QUICK INSPECTION
1. Explain what the phrase "anatomical position" means.
2. As a whole, name the two primary subgroups of the body.
3. Recognize the two primary bodily cavities, as well as their subdivisions.
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