Introduction:
A recent discovery by researcher Lorna Culverwell from the University of Helsinki has revealed the presence of a previously undocumented mosquito species in Finland. Culex modestus, the 44th mosquito species identified in the country, is also the northernmost record of this species in Europe. While this finding raises interest, there is currently no cause for concern regarding infections in Finland. Nonetheless, it highlights the importance of understanding mosquito species and their potential to spread diseases in a changing climate.
Discovery and Identification:
During the summer of 2022, Lorna Culverwell collected mosquito samples in the coastal areas of Finland. Among these samples, one male mosquito was identified as Culex modestus through genitalia examination and DNA analysis. Although only a single specimen has been found thus far, Culverwell believes it is unlikely to be the only one of its species in Finland.
Potential Disease Transmission:
Culex modestus is known to transmit the West Nile virus in southern Europe, mainly between birds and humans or horses. However, this virus has not been detected in Finland. The transmission of the West Nile virus to humans usually requires a mosquito to first bite an infected bird, allow the virus to enter its saliva, and then bite a human. Currently, the presence of the virus in local or migratory birds in Finland has not been reported. Furthermore, a larger number of mosquitoes and a sustained population would be required for potential transmission to occur.
Climate Change and Mosquito Research:
Culverwell's extensive mosquito research in Finland, spanning since 2012 and involving over 111,000 samples, underscores the need for a solid foundation of mosquito studies. With climate change altering ecosystems, the number of mosquito species in Finland may change, including potential invasions from species originating from further south. Some of these species are capable of transmitting other disease-causing pathogens not yet found in Finland. Therefore, ongoing research is vital to understand the distribution of pathogens and their potential risks to human and animal health.
Conclusion:
The discovery of Culex modestus in Finland expands our knowledge of mosquito species present in the country. While there is currently no risk of infection, understanding the diversity of mosquito species and their potential for disease transmission is crucial for effective monitoring and prevention efforts. With climate change influencing ecosystems, continued research is necessary to stay informed about potential disease risks associated with mosquitoes and maintain preparedness for the future.
